Exploring the Black Sea with robotic submersibles. The Black Sea is the largest body of anoxic water in the world. A remarkable thing happens in such waters: wood, cloth, food, and other organic materials do not decay and disappear — ships that went to the bottom hundreds or thousands of years ago still rest on the seafloor in almost the same condition as when they sailed the surface (via the always excellent lagado on MetaFilter).

This may bear fruit in study of the ProtoIndoEuropean culture that probably began near this area. It's a particular interest of mine.

There's some interesting speculation that the flood which created the Black Sea could have been Noah's flood (if you accept that Noah's flood was not a global flood).

lagado also recommended a book on the subject.